Fight Finance

Question 167  NPV, IRR

A project's net present value (NPV) is negative. Select the most correct statement.

(a) The project should be accepted.

(b) The project's IRR is less than its required return.

(c) The project's IRR is more than its required return.

(d) The project's IRR is equal to its required return.

(e) The project is under-priced.

Question 368  interest tax shield, CFFA

A method commonly seen in textbooks for calculating a levered firm's free cash flow (FFCF, or CFFA) is the following:

###\begin{aligned} FFCF &= (Rev - COGS - Depr - FC - IntExp)(1-t_c) + \\ &\space\space\space+ Depr - CapEx -\Delta NWC + IntExp(1-t_c) \\ \end{aligned}###

Does this annual FFCF or the annual interest tax shield?

Question 406  leverage, WACC, margin loan, portfolio return

One year ago you bought $100,000 of shares partly funded using a margin loan. The margin loan size was $70,000 and the other $30,000 was your own wealth or 'equity' in the share assets.

The interest rate on the margin loan was 7.84% pa.

Over the year, the shares produced a dividend yield of 4% pa and a capital gain of 5% pa.

What was the total return on your wealth? Ignore taxes, assume that all cash flows (interest payments and dividends) were paid and received at the end of the year, and all rates above are effective annual rates.

(a) 1.0757%

(b) 2.7067%

(c) 5.1333%

(d) 9.0000%

(e) 11.7067%

Hint: Remember that wealth in this context is your equity (E) in the house asset (V = D+E) which is funded by the loan (D) and your deposit or equity (E).

Question 495  risk, accounting ratio, no explanation

High risk firms in danger of bankruptcy tend to have:

(a) Low debt to assets ratios.

(b) Low quick ratios.

(c) High interest coverage ratios.

(d) Positive amounts of net working capital.

(e) High net profit margins.

Question 498  NPV, Annuity, perpetuity with growth, multi stage growth model

A business project is expected to cost $100 now (t=0), then pay $10 at the end of the third (t=3), fourth, fifth and sixth years, and then grow by 5% pa every year forever. So the cash flow will be $10.5 at the end of the seventh year (t=7), then $11.025 at the end of the eighth year (t=8) and so on perpetually. The total required return is 10℅ pa.

Which of the following formulas will NOT give the correct net present value of the project?

(a) ##-100+ \dfrac{ \dfrac{10}{0.1} \left(1-\dfrac{1}{(1+0.1)^3} \right)}{(1+0.1)^2} +\dfrac{\left(\dfrac{10}{0.1-0.05}\right)}{(1+0.1)^5} ##

(b) ##-100+ \dfrac{10}{(1+0.1)^3} +\dfrac{10}{(1+0.1)^4} +\dfrac{10}{(1+0.1)^5} +\dfrac{\left(\dfrac{10}{0.1-0.05}\right)}{(1+0.1)^5} ##

(c) ##-100+ \dfrac{ \dfrac{10}{0.1} \left(1-\dfrac{1}{(1+0.1)^4} \right)}{(1+0.1)^2} +\dfrac{\left(\dfrac{10.5}{0.1-0.05}\right)}{(1+0.1)^6} ##

(d) ##-100+ \dfrac{10}{(1+0.1)^3} +\dfrac{10}{(1+0.1)^4} +\dfrac{10}{(1+0.1)^5} +\dfrac{10}{(1+0.1)^6} +\dfrac{\left(\dfrac{10.5}{0.1-0.05}\right)}{(1+0.1)^6} ##

(e) ##-100+ \dfrac{ \dfrac{10}{0.1} \left(1-\dfrac{1}{(1+0.1)^3} \right)}{(1+0.1)^3} +\dfrac{\left(\dfrac{10}{0.1-0.05}\right)}{(1+0.1)^5} ##

Question 684  future, arbitrage, no explanation

An equity index stands at 100 points and the one year equity futures price is 102.

The equity index is expected to have a dividend yield of 4% pa. Assume that investors are risk-neutral so their total required return on the shares is the same as the risk free Treasury bond yield which is 10% pa. Both are given as discrete effective annual rates.

Assuming that the equity index is fairly priced, an arbitrageur would recognise that the equity futures are:

(a) Under priced and should be bought.

(b) Under priced and should be sold.

(c) Over priced and should be bought.

(d) Over priced and should be sold.

(e) Fairly priced and an arbitrageur would be indifferent to buying or selling them.

Question 705  utility, risk aversion, utility function

Mr Blue, Miss Red and Mrs Green are people with different utility functions.

Which of the following statements is NOT correct?

(a) Mr Blue is as happy with zero wealth as he is with $1,000. Similarly for Miss Red and Mrs Green.

(b) All of the people would appear irrational to an economist. Though Mr Blue appears to be rational when he has more than $192 in wealth.

(c) Mr Blue is risk averse. Miss Red is risk neutral. Mrs Green is risk loving.

(d) Miss Red is totally indifferent to how much wealth she has. She doesn't care about gaining or losing money.

(e) Mr Blue prefers more to less up to a wealth of around $192. At about $192 he is the happiest he can be. This is his bliss point. With more than $192 he becomes less happy.

Question 733  DDM, income and capital returns

A share’s current price is $60. It’s expected to pay a dividend of $1.50 in one year. The growth rate of the dividend is 0.5% pa and the stock’s required total return is 3% pa. The stock’s price can be modeled using the dividend discount model (DDM):

##P_0=\dfrac{C_1}{r-g}##

Which of the following methods is NOT equal to the stock’s expected price in one year and six months (t=1.5 years)? Note that the symbolic formulas shown in each line below do equal the formulas with numbers. The formula is just repeated with symbols and then numbers in case it helps you to identify the incorrect statement more quickly.

(a) ##P_{1.5}=P_0 (1+g)^1 (1+r)^{0.5}=60(1+0.005)^1 (1+0.03)^{0.5}##

(b) ##P_{1.5}=(P_0 (1+r)^1-C_1 ) (1+r)^{0.5}=(60(1+0.03)^1-1.5) (1+0.03)^{0.5}##

(c) ##P_{1.5}=\dfrac{C_1}{r-g} (1+r)^1 (1+g)^{0.5}=\dfrac{1.5}{0.03-0.005} (1+0.03)^1 (1+0.005)^{0.5}##

(d) ##P_{1.5}=\dfrac{C_1 (1+g)^1}{r-g} (1+r)^{0.5}=\dfrac{1.5(1+0.005)^1}{0.03-0.005} (1+0.03)^{0.5}##

(e) ##P_{1.5}=\dfrac{C_1 (1+g)^2}{r-g}/(1+r)^{0.5} +C_1 (1+g)^1/(1+r)^{0.5} =\dfrac{1.5(1+0.005)^2}{0.03-0.005}/(1+0.03)^{0.5} +1.5(1+0.005)^1/(1+0.03)^{0.5} ##

Question 879  margin loan, Basel accord

The risk-weight on "Margin lending against listed instruments on recognised exchanges" is 20% according to APRA's interpretation of the Basel 3 Accord in 'Prudential Standard APS 112 Capital Adequacy: Standardised Approach to Credit Risk, Attachment A: Risk-weights for on-balance sheet assets'.

A bank is considering lending a $100,000 margin loan secured by an ASX-listed stock. How much regulatory capital will the bank require to grant this loan under the Basel 3 Accord? Ignore the capital conservation buffer and the off-balance sheet exposure.

(a) $100,000.

(b) $28,000.

(c) $20,000.

(d) $8,000.

(e) $1,600.

Question 896  comparative advantage in trade, production possibilities curve, no explanation

Adam and Bella are the only people on a remote island. Their production possibility curves are shown in the graph.

Which of the following statements is NOT correct?

(a) Adam has the absolute advantage at picking coconuts.

(b) Adam has the absolute advantage at picking dates.

(c) Adam has the comparative advantage at picking coconuts.

(d) Bella has the comparative advantage at picking coconuts.