# Fight Finance

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The following is the Dividend Discount Model (DDM) used to price stocks:

$$P_0=\dfrac{C_1}{r-g}$$

If the assumptions of the DDM hold, which one of the following statements is NOT correct? The long term expected:

The coupon rate of a fixed annual-coupon bond is constant (always the same).

What can you say about the income return ($r_\text{income}$) of a fixed annual coupon bond? Remember that:

$$r_\text{total} = r_\text{income} + r_\text{capital}$$

$$r_\text{total, 0 to 1} = \frac{c_1}{p_0} + \frac{p_1-p_0}{p_0}$$

Assume that there is no change in the bond's total annual yield to maturity from when it is issued to when it matures.

Select the most correct statement.

From its date of issue until maturity, the income return of a fixed annual coupon:

You just started work at your new job which pays $48,000 per year. The human resources department have given you the option of being paid at the end of every week or every month. Assume that there are 4 weeks per month, 12 months per year and 48 weeks per year. Bank interest rates are 12% pa given as an APR compounding per month. What is the dollar gain over one year, as a net present value, of being paid every week rather than every month? The hardest and most important aspect of business project valuation is the estimation of the: Two call options are exactly the same, but one matures in one year and the other matures in two years. Which option would you expect to have the higher price, the option which matures or , or should they have the price? A company advertises an investment costing$1,000 which they say is underpriced. They say that it has an expected total return of 15% pa, but a required return of only 10% pa. Assume that there are no dividend payments so the entire 15% total return is all capital return.

Assuming that the company's statements are correct, what is the NPV of buying the investment if the 15% return lasts for the next 100 years (t=0 to 100), then reverts to 10% pa after that time? Also, what is the NPV of the investment if the 15% return lasts forever?

In both cases, assume that the required return of 10% remains constant. All returns are given as effective annual rates.

The answer choices below are given in the same order (15% for 100 years, and 15% forever):

A put option written on a risky non-dividend paying stock will mature in one month. As is normal, assume that the option's exercise price is non-zero and positive $(K>0)$ and the stock has limited liability $(S>0)$.

Which of the following statements is NOT correct? The put option's:

A company has a 95% daily Value at Risk (VaR) of \$1 million. The units of this VaR are in:

Who was the first theorist to endorse the maximisiation of the geometric average gross discrete return for investors (not gamblers) since it gave a "...portfolio that has a greater probability of being as valuable or more valuable than any other significantly different portfolio at the end of n years, n being large"?

(a) Daniel Bernoulli.

Judging by the graph, in 2018 the USD short term interest rate set by the US Federal Reserve is higher than the JPY short term interest rate set by the Bank of Japan, which is higher than the EUR short term interest rate set by the European central bank.

At the latest date shown in 2018: $r_{USD}>r_{JPY}>r_{EUR}$

Assume that each currency’s yield curve is flat at the latest date shown in 2018, so interest rates are expected to remain at their current level into the future.

Which of the following statements is NOT correct?

Over time you would expect the: