Fight Finance

Question 367  CFFA, interest tax shield

There are many ways to calculate a firm's free cash flow (FFCF), also called cash flow from assets (CFFA). Some include the annual interest tax shield in the cash flow and some do not.

Which of the below FFCF formulas include the interest tax shield in the cash flow?

###(1) \quad FFCF=NI + Depr - CapEx -ΔNWC + IntExp### ###(2) \quad FFCF=NI + Depr - CapEx -ΔNWC + IntExp.(1-t_c)### ###(3) \quad FFCF=EBIT.(1-t_c )+ Depr- CapEx -ΔNWC+IntExp.t_c### ###(4) \quad FFCF=EBIT.(1-t_c) + Depr- CapEx -ΔNWC### ###(5) \quad FFCF=EBITDA.(1-t_c )+Depr.t_c- CapEx -ΔNWC+IntExp.t_c### ###(6) \quad FFCF=EBITDA.(1-t_c )+Depr.t_c- CapEx -ΔNWC### ###(7) \quad FFCF=EBIT-Tax + Depr - CapEx -ΔNWC### ###(8) \quad FFCF=EBIT-Tax + Depr - CapEx -ΔNWC-IntExp.t_c### ###(9) \quad FFCF=EBITDA-Tax - CapEx -ΔNWC### ###(10) \quad FFCF=EBITDA-Tax - CapEx -ΔNWC-IntExp.t_c###

The formulas for net income (NI also called earnings), EBIT and EBITDA are given below. Assume that depreciation and amortisation are both represented by 'Depr' and that 'FC' represents fixed costs such as rent.

###NI=(Rev - COGS - Depr - FC - IntExp).(1-t_c )### ###EBIT=Rev - COGS - FC-Depr### ###EBITDA=Rev - COGS - FC### ###Tax =(Rev - COGS - Depr - FC - IntExp).t_c= \dfrac{NI.t_c}{1-t_c}###

(a) 1, 3, 5, 7, 9.

(b) 2, 4, 6, 8, 10.

(c) 1, 4, 6, 8, 10.

(d) 2, 3, 5, 7, 9.

(e) 1, 3, 5, 8, 10.

Question 490  expected and historical returns, accounting ratio

Which of the following is NOT a synonym of 'required return'?

(a) total required yield

(b) cost of capital

(c) discount rate

(d) opportunity cost of capital

(e) accounting rate of return

Question 560  standard deviation, variance, needs refinement

The standard deviation and variance of a stock's annual returns are calculated over a number of years. The units of the returns are percent per annum ##(\% pa)##.

What are the units of the standard deviation ##(\sigma)## and variance ##(\sigma^2)## of returns respectively?

(a) Percentage points per annum ##(\text{pp pa})## and percentage points per annum ##(\text{pp pa})##.

(b) Percentage points per annum ##(\text{pp pa})## and percentage points per annum all squared ##\left( (\text{pp pa})^2 \right)##.

(c) Percentage points per annum all squared ##\left( (\text{pp pa})^2 \right)## and percentage points per annum ##(\text{pp pa})##.

(d) Percentage points per annum all squared ##\left( (\text{pp pa})^2 \right)## and percentage points per annum all squared ##\left( (\text{pp pa})^2 \right)##.

(e) Percent per annum ##(\% pa)## and percent per annum ##(\% pa)##.

Hint: Visit Wikipedia to understand the difference between percentage points ##(\text{pp})## and percent ##(\%)##.

Question 574  inflation, real and nominal returns and cash flows, NPV

What is the present value of a nominal payment of $100 in 5 years? The real discount rate is 10% pa and the inflation rate is 3% pa.

(a) $71.2986

(b) $62.0921

(c) $61.5028

(d) $54.276

(e) $53.5612

Question 598  future, tailing the hedge, cross hedging

The standard deviation of monthly changes in the spot price of lamb is $0.015 per pound. The standard deviation of monthly changes in the futures price of live cattle is $0.012 per pound. The correlation between the spot price of lamb and the futures price of cattle is 0.4.

It is now January. A lamb producer is committed to selling 1,000,000 pounds of lamb in May. The spot price of live cattle is $0.30 per pound and the June futures price is $0.32 per pound. The spot price of lamb is $0.60 per pound.

The producer wants to use the June live cattle futures contracts to hedge his risk. Each futures contract is for the delivery of 50,000 pounds of cattle.

How many live cattle futures should the lamb farmer sell to hedge his risk? Round your answer to the nearest whole number of contracts.

(a) 9

(b) 10

(c) 19

(d) 23

(e) 47

Question 661  systematic and idiosyncratic risk, CAPM

A stock's total standard deviation of returns is 20% pa. The market portfolio's total standard deviation of returns is 15% pa. The beta of the stock is 0.8.

What is the stock's diversifiable standard deviation?

(a) 16% pa

(b) 12% pa

(c) 8% pa

(d) 5% pa

(e) 4% pa

Question 825  future, hedging, tailing the hedge, speculation, no explanation

An equity index fund manager controls a USD500 million diversified equity portfolio with a beta of 0.9. The equity manager expects a significant rally in equity prices next year. The market does not think that this will happen. If the fund manager wishes to increase his portfolio beta to 1.5, how many S&P500 futures should he buy?

The US market equity index is the S&P500. One year CME futures on the S&P500 currently trade at 2,155 points and the spot price is 2,180 points. Each point is worth $250.

The number of one year S&P500 futures contracts that the fund manager should buy is:

(a) 550

(b) 557

(c) 826

(d) 835

(e) 1392

Question 843  monetary policy, institution, no explanation

The Australian central bank implements monetary policy by directly controlling which interest rate?

(a) Overnight money market rate.

(b) 2 year government bond yield.

(c) 15 year government bond yield.

(d) Home loan rate.

(e) Small business overdraft rate.

Question 898  comparative advantage in trade, production possibilities curve, no explanation

Adam and Bella are the only people on a remote island. Their production possibility curves are shown in the graph.

Assuming that Adam and Bella cooperate according to the principles of comparative advantage, what will be their combined production possibilities curve?

(a) a

(b) b

(c) c

(d) d

(e) e

Question 975  comparative advantage in trade, production possibilities curve, no explanation

Arthur and Bindi are the only people on a remote island.

Luckily there are Coconut and Date palm trees on the island that grow delicious fruit. The problem is that harvesting the fruit takes a lot of work.

Arthur can pick 1 coconut per hour, 4 dates per hour or any linear combination of coconuts and dates. For example, he could pick 0.5 coconuts and 2 dates per hour.

Bindi can pick 2 coconuts per hour, 1 date per hour or any linear combination. For example, she could pick 0.5 coconuts and 0.75 dates per hour.

This information is summarised in the table and graph:

Harvest Rates Per Hour
	Coconuts	Dates
Arthur	1	4
Bindi	2	1

 

Which of the following statements is NOT correct?

(a) Arthur’s opportunity cost of picking one date per hour is 0.25 coconuts.

(b) Bindi’s opportunity cost of picking one date per hour is 2 coconuts.

(c) Arthur’s opportunity cost of picking one coconut per hour is 4 dates.

(d) Bindi’s opportunity cost of picking one coconut per hour is 2 dates.

(e) The gradients (rise over run) of the lines in the graph are measured in coconuts per one date per hour.