A stock pays semi-annual dividends. It just paid a dividend of $10. The growth rate in the dividend is 1% every 6 months, given as an effective 6 month rate. You estimate that the stock's required return is 21% pa, as an effective annual rate.
Using the dividend discount model, what will be the share price?
Question 398 financial distress, capital raising, leverage, capital structure, NPV
A levered firm has zero-coupon bonds which mature in one year and have a combined face value of $9.9m.
Investors are risk-neutral and therefore all debt and equity holders demand the same required return of 10% pa.
In one year the firm's assets will be worth:
- $13.2m with probability 0.5 in the good state of the world, or
- $6.6m with probability 0.5 in the bad state of the world.
A new project presents itself which requires an investment of $2m and will provide a certain cash flow of $3.3m in one year.
The firm doesn't have any excess cash to make the initial $2m investment, but the funds can be raised from shareholders through a fairly priced rights issue. Ignore all transaction costs.
Should shareholders vote to proceed with the project and equity raising? What will be the gain in shareholder wealth if they decide to proceed?
The efficient markets hypothesis (EMH) and no-arbitrage pricing theory are most closely related to which of the following concepts?
Mr Blue, Miss Red and Mrs Green are people with different utility functions.
Which of the following statements is NOT correct?
Question 797 option, Black-Scholes-Merton option pricing, option delta, no explanation
Which of the following quantities from the Black-Scholes-Merton option pricing formula gives the risk-neutral probability that a European put option will be exercised?
A one year European-style put option has a strike price of $4. The option's underlying stock pays no dividends and currently trades at $5. The risk-free interest rate is 10% pa continuously compounded. Use a single step binomial tree to calculate the option price, assuming that the price could rise to $8 ##(u = 1.6)## or fall to $3.125 ##(d = 1/1.6)## in one year. The put option price now is:
A Brazilian lady wishes to convert 1 million Brazilian Real (BRL) into Chinese Renminbi (RMB, also called the Yuan or CNY). The exchange rate is 3.42 BRL per USD and 6.27 RMB per USD. How much is the BRL 1 million worth in RMB?
Question 948 VaR, expected shortfall
Below is a historical sample of returns on the S&P500 capital index.
| S&P500 Capital Index Daily Returns Ranked from Best to Worst |
||
| 10,000 trading days from 4th August 1977 to 24 March 2017 based on closing prices. |
||
| Rank | Date (DD-MM-YY) |
Continuously compounded daily return (% per day) |
| 1 | 21-10-87 | 9.23 |
| 2 | 08-03-83 | 8.97 |
| 3 | 13-11-08 | 8.3 |
| 4 | 30-09-08 | 8.09 |
| 5 | 28-10-08 | 8.01 |
| 6 | 29-10-87 | 7.28 |
| … | … | … |
| 9980 | 11-12-08 | -5.51 |
| 9981 | 22-10-08 | -5.51 |
| 9982 | 08-08-11 | -5.54 |
| 9983 | 22-09-08 | -5.64 |
| 9984 | 11-09-86 | -5.69 |
| 9985 | 30-11-87 | -5.88 |
| 9986 | 14-04-00 | -5.99 |
| 9987 | 07-10-98 | -6.06 |
| 9988 | 08-01-88 | -6.51 |
| 9989 | 27-10-97 | -6.55 |
| 9990 | 13-10-89 | -6.62 |
| 9991 | 15-10-08 | -6.71 |
| 9992 | 29-09-08 | -6.85 |
| 9993 | 07-10-08 | -6.91 |
| 9994 | 14-11-08 | -7.64 |
| 9995 | 01-12-08 | -7.79 |
| 9996 | 29-10-08 | -8.05 |
| 9997 | 26-10-87 | -8.4 |
| 9998 | 31-08-98 | -8.45 |
| 9999 | 09-10-08 | -12.9 |
| 10000 | 19-10-87 | -23.36 |
| Mean of all 10,000: | 0.0354 | |
| Sample standard deviation of all 10,000: | 1.2062 | |
| Sources: Bloomberg and S&P. | ||
Assume that the one-tail Z-statistic corresponding to a probability of 99.9% is exactly 3.09. Which of the following statements is NOT correct? Based on the historical data, the 99.9% daily:
Question 964 monetary policy, impossible trinity, foreign exchange rate
It’s often thought that the ideal currency or exchange rate regime would:
1. Be fixed against the USD;
2. Be convertible to and from USD for traders and investors so there are open goods, services and capital markets, and;
3. Allow independent monetary policy set by the country’s central bank, independent of the US central bank. So the country can set its own interest rate independent of the US Federal Reserve’s USD interest rate.
However, not all of these characteristics can be achieved. One must be sacrificed. This is the 'impossible trinity'.
Which of the following exchange rate regimes sacrifices independent monetary policy?