Fight Finance

Question 95  interest tax shield

The equations for Net Income (NI, also known as Earnings or Net Profit After Tax) and Cash Flow From Assets (CFFA, also known as Free Cash Flow to the Firm) per year are:

###NI=(Rev-COGS-FC-Depr-IntExp).(1-t_c)###

###CFFA=NI+Depr-CapEx - \varDelta NWC+IntExp###

For a firm with debt, what is the formula for the present value of interest tax shields if the tax shields occur in perpetuity?

You may assume:

• the value of debt (D) is constant through time,
• The cost of debt and the yield on debt are equal and given by ##r_D##.
• the appropriate rate to discount interest tax shields is ##r_D##.
• ##\text{IntExp}=D.r_D##

(a) ##D.t_c##

(b) ##D.r_D/t_c ##

(c) ##D.r_D.(1-t_c)##

(d) ##D.r_D/(1-t_c)##

(e) ##D.r_D.(t_c-1)##

Question 246  foreign exchange rate, forward foreign exchange rate, cross currency interest rate parity

Suppose the Australian cash rate is expected to be 8.15% pa and the US federal funds rate is expected to be 3.00% pa over the next 2 years, both given as nominal effective annual rates. The current exchange rate is at parity, so 1 USD = 1 AUD.

What is the implied 2 year forward foreign exchange rate?

(a) 1 USD = 1.1025 AUD

(b) 1.1025 USD = 1 AUD

(c) 1 USD = 1.05 AUD

(d) 1 USD = 1.1 AUD

(e) 1.1 USD = 1 AUD

Question 393  real option, option

A timing option is best modeled as a or option?

Question 449  personal tax on dividends, classical tax system

A small private company has a single shareholder. This year the firm earned a $100 profit before tax. All of the firm's after tax profits will be paid out as dividends to the owner.

The corporate tax rate is 30% and the sole shareholder's personal marginal tax rate is 45%.

The United States' classical tax system applies because the company generates all of its income in the US and pays corporate tax to the Internal Revenue Service. The shareholder is also an American for tax purposes.

What will be the personal tax payable by the shareholder and the corporate tax payable by the company?

(a) Personal tax of $6.43 and corporate tax of $45.

(b) Personal tax of $15 and corporate tax of $30.

(c) Personal tax of $16.5 and corporate tax of $45.

(d) Personal tax of $31.5 and corporate tax of $30.

(e) Personal tax of $45 and corporate tax of $0.

Question 533  NPV, no explanation

You have $100,000 in the bank. The bank pays interest at 10% pa, given as an effective annual rate.

You wish to consume twice as much now (t=0) as in one year (t=1) and have nothing left in the bank at the end.

How much can you consume at time zero and one? The answer choices are given in the same order.

(a) $52,380.95,   $52,380.95

(b) $62,500,   $31,250

(c) $66,666.67,   $33,333.33

(d) $68,750,   $34,375

(e) $70,967.74,   $35,483.87

Question 841  gross domestic product, government spending

The government spends money on:

• Goods and services such as defence, police, schools, hospitals and roads; and
• Transfer payments (also called welfare) such as the pension, dole, disability support and student support.

When calculating GDP (=C+I+G+X-M), the ‘government spending’ component (G) is supposed to include:

(a) Gross government spending on goods and services only.

(b) Gross government spending on transfer payments only.

(c) Net government spending which is goods and services expenditure less tax revenue.

(d) Net government spending which is transfer payments expenditure less tax revenue.

(e) Net government spending which is total expenditure (goods and services plus transfer payments expenditure) less tax revenue.

Question 896  comparative advantage in trade, production possibilities curve, no explanation

Adam and Bella are the only people on a remote island. Their production possibility curves are shown in the graph.

Which of the following statements is NOT correct?

(a) Adam has the absolute advantage at picking coconuts.

(b) Adam has the absolute advantage at picking dates.

(c) Adam has the comparative advantage at picking coconuts.

(d) Bella has the comparative advantage at picking coconuts.

Question 954  option, at the money option

If a put option is at-the-money, then the spot price (##S_0##) is than, than or to the put option's strike price (##K_T##)?

Question 975  comparative advantage in trade, production possibilities curve, no explanation

Arthur and Bindi are the only people on a remote island.

Luckily there are Coconut and Date palm trees on the island that grow delicious fruit. The problem is that harvesting the fruit takes a lot of work.

Arthur can pick 1 coconut per hour, 4 dates per hour or any linear combination of coconuts and dates. For example, he could pick 0.5 coconuts and 2 dates per hour.

Bindi can pick 2 coconuts per hour, 1 date per hour or any linear combination. For example, she could pick 0.5 coconuts and 0.75 dates per hour.

This information is summarised in the table and graph:

Harvest Rates Per Hour
	Coconuts	Dates
Arthur	1	4
Bindi	2	1

 

Which of the following statements is NOT correct?

(a) Arthur’s opportunity cost of picking one date per hour is 0.25 coconuts.

(b) Bindi’s opportunity cost of picking one date per hour is 2 coconuts.

(c) Arthur’s opportunity cost of picking one coconut per hour is 4 dates.

(d) Bindi’s opportunity cost of picking one coconut per hour is 2 dates.

(e) The gradients (rise over run) of the lines in the graph are measured in coconuts per one date per hour.

Question 1000  duration, duration of a perpetuity with growth, needs refinement

An unlevered firm cuts its dividends and re-invests in zero-NPV projects with the same risk as its existing projects. This decreases the dividend yield, but increases the firm's equity's dividend growth rate and duration, while its total required return on equity remains unchanged. The equity can be valued as a perpetuity and the duration of a perpetuity is given below:

###D_\text{Macaulay} = \dfrac{1+r}{r-g}###

What will be the effect on the stock's CAPM beta? Assume that there's no change in the risk free rate or market risk premium. The company's equity beta will:

(a) Increase.

(b) Decrease.

(c) Remain unchanged.

(d) Not enough information is provided to answer the question.