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Government bonds currently have a return of 5% pa. A stock has an expected return of 6% pa and the market return is 7% pa. What is the beta of the stock?

Question 69 interest tax shield, capital structure, leverage, WACC

Which statement about risk, required return and capital structure is the most correct?

(a) The before-tax cost of debt is less than the before-tax cost of equity. Therefore debt is a cheaper form of financing than equity so companies should try to finance their projects with debt only.

(b) Debt makes a firm's equity more risky. Therefore the higher the amount of debt, the higher the cost of equity.

(c) The more debt a firm has, the higher its tax shields. Therefore firms should seek to have as much debt and as little equity as possible.

(d) The more debt, the lower the firm's after tax WACC. The after tax WACC is the discount rate that discounts the firm's cash flows, so the lower it is the more the firm is worth. Therefore firms should try to make their after tax WACC as low as possible by using as much debt as possible.

(e) The less debt, the lower the chance of bankruptcy. Therefore firms should try to pay off all of their debt so that they are financed by equity only.

Question 85 WACC, CAPM

A company has:

140 million shares outstanding.
The market price of one share is currently $2.
The company's debentures are publicly traded and their market price is equal to 93% of the face value.
The debentures have a total face value of $50,000,000 and the current yield to maturity of corporate debentures is 12% per annum.
The risk-free rate is 8.50% and the market return is 13.7%.
Market analysts estimated that the company's stock has a beta of 0.90.
The corporate tax rate is 30%.

What is the company's after-tax weighted average cost of capital (WACC) in a classical tax system?

Question 285 covariance, portfolio risk

Two risky stocks A and B comprise an equal-weighted portfolio. The correlation between the stocks' returns is 70%.

If the variance of stock A's returns increases but the:

Prices and expected returns of each stock stays the same,
Variance of stock B's returns stays the same,
Correlation of returns between the stocks stays the same.

Which of the following statements is NOT correct?

Question 347 PE ratio, Multiples valuation

Which of the following investable assets are NOT suitable for valuation using PE multiples techniques?

Question 360 CFFA

Find Ching-A-Lings Corporation's Cash Flow From Assets (CFFA), also known as Free Cash Flow to the Firm (FCFF), over the year ending 30th June 2013.

Ching-A-Lings Corp
Income Statement for
year ending 30th June 2013
	$m
Sales	100
COGS	20
Depreciation	20
Rent expense	11
Interest expense	19
Taxable Income	30
Taxes at 30%	9
Net income	21

Ching-A-Lings Corp
Balance Sheet
as at 30th June	2013	2012
	$m	$m
Inventory	49	38
Trade debtors	14	2
Rent paid in advance	5	5
PPE	400	400
Total assets	468	445

Trade creditors	4	10
Bond liabilities	200	190
Contributed equity	145	145
Retained profits	119	100
Total L and OE	468	445

Note: All figures are given in millions of dollars ($m).

The cash flow from assets was:

Question 418 capital budgeting, NPV, interest tax shield, WACC, CFFA, CAPM

Project Data
Project life	1 year
Initial investment in equipment	$8m
Depreciation of equipment per year	$8m
Expected sale price of equipment at end of project	0
Unit sales per year	4m
Sale price per unit	$10
Variable cost per unit	$5
Fixed costs per year, paid at the end of each year	$2m
Interest expense in first year (at t=1)	$0.562m
Corporate tax rate	30%
Government treasury bond yield	5%
Bank loan debt yield	9%
Market portfolio return	10%
Covariance of levered equity returns with market	0.32
Variance of market portfolio returns	0.16
Firm's and project's debt-to-equity ratio	50%

Notes

Due to the project, current assets will increase by $6m now (t=0) and fall by $6m at the end (t=1). Current liabilities will not be affected.

Assumptions

The debt-to-equity ratio will be kept constant throughout the life of the project. The amount of interest expense at the end of each period has been correctly calculated to maintain this constant debt-to-equity ratio.
Millions are represented by 'm'.
All cash flows occur at the start or end of the year as appropriate, not in the middle or throughout the year.
All rates and cash flows are real. The inflation rate is 2% pa. All rates are given as effective annual rates.
The project is undertaken by a firm, not an individual.

What is the net present value (NPV) of the project?

Question 743 price gains and returns over time, no explanation

How many years will it take for an asset's price to triple (increase from say $1 to $3) if it grows by 5% pa?

Question 822 option, sunk cost, no explanation

When does a European option's last-traded market price become a sunk cost?

Question 858 indirect security, intermediated finance, no explanation

Which of the following transactions involves an ‘indirect security’ using a ‘financial intermediary’?